Simple Present:
(einfache Form der Gegenwart)
(einfache Form der Gegenwart)
Gebrauch | Tagesabläufe, regelmäßige Ereignisse oder Tatsachen, Gefühle oder Zustände beschreiben |
Struktur |
|
Signalwörter | always, never, often, seldom, rarely, sometimes, usually, normally, regularly, etc.
every day, every week, every month, … |
Bejahte Aussage | I walk, she walks, they take, he takes |
Verneinte Aussage | I don’t walk, she doesn’t walk, they don’t take, he doesn’t take |
Fragen | Do I walk? Does she walk? Do they take? Does he take? |
Present: Present Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Gegenwart)
(Verlaufsform der Gegenwart)
Gebrauch | Dinge beschreiben, die genau im Moment des Sprechens geschehen, oder die ausnahmsweise geschehen; über einen Plan sprechen, der in der nahen Zukunft ausgeführt wird |
Struktur | am/are/is (simple present form of to be) + Infinitive + ing |
Signalwörter | at the moment, right now, just, now, at present, currently, Look! |
Bejahte Aussage | I am walking, she is walking, they are taking, he is taking |
Verneinte Aussage | I am not walking, she isn't walking, they aren't taking, he isn't taking |
Fragen | Am I walking? Is she walking? Are they taking? Is he taking? |
Past: Simple Past
(Einfache Form der Vergangenheit)
(Einfache Form der Vergangenheit)
Gebrauch | Über Dinge sprechen, die in der Vergangenheit passiert sind und die zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens abgeschlossen oder vorbei sind |
Struktur |
|
Signalwörter | yesterday, the other day, in 2009, when, at that time
two days ago, a week ago, a month ago, …
last night, last week, last month, … |
Bejahte Aussage | I walked, she walked, they took, he took |
Verneinte Aussage | I didn't walk, she didn't walk, they didn't take, he didn't take |
Fragen | Did I walk? Did she walk? Did they take? Did he take? |
Past: Past Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit)
(Verlaufsform der Vergangenheit)
Gebrauch | Handlungen oder Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit abgelaufen sind, auch wenn etwas anderes den Ablauf plötzlich unterbrach |
Struktur | was/were (simple past form of to be) + Infinitive + ing |
Signalwörter | while |
Bejahte Aussage | I was walking, she was walking, they were taking, he was taking |
Verneinte Aussage | I wasn't walking, she wasn't walking, they weren't taking, he wasn't taking |
Fragen | Was I walking? Was she walking? Were they taking? Was he taking? |
Past: Present Perfect Simple
(vollendete Gegenwart)
(vollendete Gegenwart)
Gebrauch | Das Ergebnis von etwas betonen, über Dinge sprechen, die zu einem unbekannten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit geschahen, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit begannen und zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens noch nicht abgeschlossen sind |
Struktur | have/has (simple present form of to have) + past participle |
Signalwörter | since, for, already, yet, before, ever, never, still not, so far, just, up to now, recently, until now |
Bejahte Aussage | I have walked, she has walked, they have taken, he has taken |
Verneinte Aussage | I haven't walked, she hasn't walked, they haven't taken, he hasn't taken |
Fragen | Have I walked? Has she walked? Have they taken? Has he taken? |
Past: Present Perfect Progressive
(Verlaufsform der vollendeten Vergangenheit)
(Verlaufsform der vollendeten Vergangenheit)
Gebrauch | Die Dauer von etwas betonen, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit begannen und zum Zeitpunkt des Sprechens immer noch andauern und/oder die Gegenwart beeinflussen |
Struktur | have/has (simple present form of to have) + been + Infinitive + ing |
Signalwörter | for, since, how long, all day, all day long, the whole day/week/month/year |
Bejahte Aussage | I have been walking, she has been walking, they have been taking, he has been taking |
Verneinte Aussage | I haven't been walking, she hasn't been walking, they haven't been taking, he hasn't been taking |
Fragen | Have I been walking? Has she been walking? Have they been taking? Has he been taking? |
Past: Past Perfect Simple
(Vorvergangenheit)
(Vorvergangenheit)
Gebrauch | Betonen, dass etwas in der Vergangenheit aufhörte oder vorbei war, als etwas anderes begann, die Tatsache beschreiben, dass etwas vor einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt geschah |
Struktur | had (simple past form of to have) + past participle |
Signalwörter | already, until that day, never, just |
Bejahte Aussage | I had walked, she had walked, they had taken, he had taken |
Verneinte Aussage | I hadn't walked, she hadn't walked, they hadn't taken, he hadn't taken |
Fragen | Had I walked? Had she walked? Had they taken? Had he taken? |
Past: Past Perfect Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Vorvergangenheit)
(Verlaufsform der Vorvergangenheit)
Gebrauch | Den Ablauf oder die Dauer von etwas beschreiben, Dinge beschreiben, die in der Vergangenheit geschahen und endeten oder die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit vorbei waren |
Struktur | had (simple past form of to have) + been + Infinitive + ing |
Signalwörter | for, since, how long, all day, after, before |
Bejahte Aussage | I had been walking, she had been walking, they had been taking, he had been taking |
Verneinte Aussage | I hadn't been walking, she hadn't been walking, they hadn't been taking, he hadn't been taking |
Fragen | Had I been walking? Had she been walking? Had they been taking? Had he been taking? |
Future: Will-Future
(Zukunft)
(Zukunft)
Gebrauch | Dinge beschreiben, die sicherlich in der Zukunft passieren werden, über Erwartungen, Hoffnungen, Annahmen oder spontane Entscheidungen sprechen |
Struktur | will + Infinitive |
Signalwörter | tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2021, expect, believe, hope, suppose, think, probably |
Bejahte Aussage | I will walk, she will walk, they will take, he will take |
Verneinte Aussage | I won't walk, she won't walk, they won't take, he won't take |
Fragen | Will I walk? Will she walk? Will they take? Will he take? |
Future: Going-to-Future
(Zukunft mit going to)
(Zukunft mit going to)
Gebrauch | Zukünftige Pläne, Ziele und Folgen beschreiben, über Dinge sprechen, die in der nahen Zukunft passieren werden |
Struktur | am/are/is (simple present form of to be) + going to + Infinitive |
Signalwörter | tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2011 |
Bejahte Aussage | I am going to walk, she is going to walk, they are going to take, he is going to take |
Verneinte Aussage | I am not going to walk, she isn't going to walk, they aren't going to take, he isn't going to take |
Fragen | Am I going to walk? Is she going to walk? Are they going to take? Is he going to take? |
Future: Future Progressive
(Verlaufsform der Zukunft)
(Verlaufsform der Zukunft)
Gebrauch | Dinge beschreiben, die zukünftig ablaufen werden, über Dinge sprechen, die normalerweise in der Zukunft geschehen |
Struktur | will + be + Infinitive + ing |
Signalwörter | tomorrow, next week/month/year, in 2041 |
Bejahte Aussage | I will be walking, she will be walking, they will be taking, he will be taking |
Verneinte Aussage | I won't be walking, she won't be walking, they won't be taking, he won't be taking |
Fragen | Will I be walking? Will she be walking? Will they be taking? Will he be taking? |
Future: Future Perfect
(vollendete Zukunft)
(vollendete Zukunft)
Gebrauch | Über Dinge sprechen, die zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Zukunft abgeschlossen oder vorbei sein werden |
Struktur | will + have + past participle |
Signalwörter | until, before
by the end of the day, by the end of the week, by the end of the month, … |
Bejahte Aussage | I will have walked, she will have walked, they will have taken, he will have taken |
Verneinte Aussage | I won't have walked, she won't have walked, they won't have taken, he won't have taken |
Fragen | Will I have walked? Will she have walked? Will they have taken? Will he have taken? |
You almost never use the past perfect simple on it's own. Most of the times you'll need it, it will be in connection with another sentence in a different tense. That is because with the past perfect, you talk about something that has taken place before something else.
Looking at the following examples carefully, you should gain an understanding for when to use the past perfect.
Man benutzt das Past Perfect fast nie alleine. In den meisten Fällen wird es in einem Satz vorkommen, indem auch noch eine andere Zeitform steht. Das liegt daran, dass man mit dem Past Perfect über etwas spricht, das vor etwas anderem stattgefunden hat.
Wenn du dir die folgenden Beispiele genau ansiehst, solltest du einen Einblick in die Funktionsweise des Past Perfect bekommen.
- She gave a lecture on Africa after she had returned from a two year visit in Tanzania.
- Lucas went after he had finished all his work.
- It came to him as a surprise – until that day he had never thought about it that way.
- We had just arrived when they already took us on a boat trip.
In the first exercise, fill in the gaps with the correct past perfect forms. If you read through the rules above carefully, this should not be a problem!
In der ersten Übung musst du die Lücken mit den passenden Formen des Past Perfect füllen. Wenn du dir die Regeln weiter oben gut durchgelesen hast, sollte das kein Problem sein!
In the second exercise, take a look at the example sentences and decide whether they use simple past, present perfect or past perfect. You should not do this exercise if you have not yet studied the simple past and the present perfect.
In der zweiten Übung musst du dir die Beispielsätze ansehen und dann entscheiden, ob sie im Simple Past, Present Perfect oder im Past Perfect stehen. Du solltest diese Übung nicht machen, wenn du nicht vorher die Units Simple Past Present Perfect bearbeitet hast!
